The main stages of software development

October 12, 2021

The creation of software is carried out sequentially in accordance with the following main stages:

statement of the problem (stage “Terms of reference”)
analysis of requirements and development of specifications (stage “Draft design”)
design (stage “Technical design”)
implementation (stage “Working design”)
implementation and operation (stage “Implementation”)

Formulation of the problem. At this stage, the purpose of the software and the basic requirements for it are determined. The structures of the input and output data are defined. A preliminary selection of methods for solving problems and programming languages is made.

The stages, stages, and terms of the development of the program and documentation are determined. This step is important in all aspects of software development – web development, mobile apps, Shopify development, blockchain, etc. It is these types of development that our company Unitedcode is engaged in.

Our team concentrates only on the smartest and most professional employees who can quickly and accurately develop any software for you, for example, AI/ML Data Analysis, Embedded & IoT, and so on.

Analysis of requirements and definition of specifications. Specifications are a formalized description of the functionality and limitations of the application being built. A set of specifications is a common logical model for software design. At this stage, a description of the general algorithm for solving the problem is carried out. Here it is also necessary to prepare tests indicating the expected results to search for software and other errors.

Design. The main thing at this stage is the creation of detailed specifications for the developed application. The result of this stage is a detailed software model with specifications of its components. The type of model depends on the specific design technology. At the same time, in the design process, the following are carried out:

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development and refinement of the structure of input and output data;
creation of algorithms for solving the problem;
description of the forms of presentation of input and output data;
development of the program structure.

Designing complex software typically includes:

definition of the main components and their interrelationships;
decomposition of components and construction of structural hierarchies;
component design.

The design phase is important. If the development of specifications, which include algorithms, is not sufficiently attentive, then later, at the stage of implementation, difficulties may arise, specifications and algorithms will require additional refinement and costs, etc. At the stage of debugging the program, it may turn out that the algorithm is imperfect, erroneous, or generally impracticable.

Implementation is a sequential process of creating source codes for a program in a selected programming language (coding), testing, and debugging software. Often, when creating a program, the overwhelming majority of time is spent not on its development, but on debugging and testing. Therefore, the program should be visual, easy to read, accompanied by comments.

Debugging and testing a program is the process of working with a program on test cases in order to find and fix errors in it. To check the correctness of the program for all possible outcomes, it is necessary to select different sets of initial data. An important rule for selecting test cases is the following: it is necessary to select tests in such a way that they reveal errors in the program, and do not confirm the correctness of its operation.

There are two types of errors in a program:

syntax errors – occur when the program is coding incorrectly and are detected during its translation;
semantic ( algorithmic ) errors – occur when the solution algorithms are incorrectly interpreted or implemented. Such errors are detected during debugging of a running program when the program does not perform exactly the expected actions.

Debugging of complex programs is carried out in the form of autonomous and complex tests. Offline debugging is carried out separately for each part (component) of the system. After autonomous debugging, complex testing of the program is carried out on test data that is as close to real as possible. With complex debugging, the functioning of the system as a whole is checked.

Implementation and operation. Here are carried out:

preparation and transfer of the program and software documentation for maintenance and operation;
transfer of the program to the fund of algorithms and programs.

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How to Perform A Quality Window Installation

Quality window installation is not a complicated job, as it could seem to you; anyway, it is necessary so it would be done by somebody who knows how to do it correctly. When you start with a window installation process, you should decide on a window type that fits you the most. There are many various types and materials available. Basically, you can do the whole installation on your own; however, if the window is larger, you would need at least one or two other persons who could help you make some adjustments. Useful Tips to Get Started The first important step is to choose a brand new window with the right size. Measure the height and width of the opening at the three various spots so that you can be sure for one hundred percent. Even though there should not be any differences, it is not excluded that some little differences can appear. If so, then choose the smallest number you have measured, so a new window frame fits perfectly to the opening. Now you have the right size, you know what type and material of the window you prefer and you can buy a new window. Please keep in mind that the exact steps may vary based on which type of window you decided for. Let’s start the installation process. Steps to Install A New Window Clean the perimeter of the opening and make sure that there are no broken or damaged parts of the opening edges. If there are some broken parts, you should repair it so that the window could be attached correctly. Apply a special butyl tape to the whole sill and even a few centimeters higher to the left and right side of the opening. It protects the window and the wall construction against ice and water. It is very important, so moisture stays outside of the house. Place and attach wooden shims to the sill, which help you to install the window to the proper level. You can attach them by screws. Apply a silicone caulk on the whole opening perimeter. Place your new window to the opening and drive screws into predrilled holes. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions, so you keep the warranty. Check it. At this moment it would not be so difficult to make some changes, later it would be much more difficult, so check the level of the window and its operation. You can use a laser or water level. Apply a spray foam insulation to the gap between the window frame and opening edges. We recommend low expansion foam, which is highly recommended, especially for the windows. You can use additional shims to support the frame of the window. When the foam hardens, it is usually about 20 minutes, you can cut off all parts of the shims and the foam, which are outside of the gap. Now install exterior and interior trims. Trims can hide some defects on the walls or frame, so you do not have to be upset because of a few small mistakes. Seal the edges with silicon. There are plenty of silicon types, so you can choose the proper color to make it look perfect. As we stated before, specific steps may vary based on the window type you decided for. It means that details can be different, but the basis of the process is basically the same. Final words After the installation process, you can see that it is not so complicated as it might seem before. Now you can enjoy your new window and a new level of comfort. Our goal is to offer you useful tips that can help you do the quality window installation properly. We are at the end of our step by step manual, and we believe that you found this article helpful.
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Cultural differences in dating

In present times the diversity of the world is a tap away. This leaves this generation more likely to have interactions with a more diverse set of people. Cases of people from different countries establishing relationships with each other are now becoming more and more common. And with this interaction of the various people in the world, the most apparent challenge that the involved people face is that of their own cultures. Although this statement is self-explanatory, an example will cement the nature of this as fact. Let us say a man from Cuba happens to meet a girl from America via the internet, they decide to propel the relationship further and meet each other’s parents. The Cuban parents are a traditionalist and immediately point out the girl’s outfit, now the people in America may or may not be devoted Christians and the man’s parents are consistent visitors of the church as the significance of religious views is different in both cultures. This may or may not create a chance of misunderstanding, hate and disparity, but it is a challenge for both the man and woman in love regardless. To further understand this, we must define culture. Culture can be defined as “ the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular people or society.” These customs and traditions are different everywhere in the whole world due to the different environments faced by every other society. After these societies are formed, they establish traditions and cultures which they follow by and they do not deviate from these norms. Any person who does sidetrack is usually considered an outcast and sidetracked. If one were to form a list of things that make up any culture, it would look something like the following: Attire Food Religion Marriage (although this is heavily influenced by religion) Music Art Language Literature Clearly, without saying it, there is a major difference in dating of these cultures. Some parties prefer a rather religion-focused and conservative form of dating. Some believe in the freedom of choice and diversity and have an open-ended and wide form of dating. So now when two people from different backgrounds, cultures and ethnicity date each other, most likely they are to face numerous challenges. So, when a person spends enough time in one culture, then adjusting yourself to another one, that immediately can be an obstacle. In a couple, ‘food’ can be the topic of discussion. African people have a higher tolerance to spicy foods compared to someone from England who may or may not be accustomed to the same flavours. For some, it could be religion. If someone of the Christian faith decides to marry someone of the Jewish faith, they may be concerned with the various ceremonies that each faith comes with. Language can be a huge barrier for people who only speak English, bilingual people may or may not be okay with their partner not learning their language. Hot Chinese girls also tend to be more family-oriented with a focus on providing moral, financial, and emotional support to their families. The fact of the matter is that culture is an important part of our lives and no matter how much two people like each other they cannot deny the existence of culture in their lives and this may or may not affect their dating life. If their love is truly strong enough they will overcome anything.
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What’s the Best Type of Wood for Carving

Well, if you’re here – I applaud you for being enthusiastic about joining the carving community all over the world, first and foremost. The question “What’s the best type of wood for carving?” usually comes up for beginners more than anything, so I’m just going to assume and hope to not offend anyone with this assumption. Let me introduce you to the answer as well as some general information about choosing the wood to whittle. Woods can be divided into two types: soft and hard ones. The difference is in the structure of the wood – hardwoods are more difficult to whittle, they require sharper tougher tools and some skill at the very least. Soft ones become the first choice for a lot of people learning how to do the tricks. Mostly, newbies that come into this without any previous experience decide to stick with basswood carving blocks. It’s a very safe choice, that you can be certain about – simple to work with, no harm to your health (because some trees, especially exotic ones, can be hiding secrets that won’t be good for you to reveal at all) and pleasant to decorate after. It’s very pale, so you’ll be able to easily paint it or use any type of tinted finish without worrying that it won’t show. A lot of great patterns showcase basswood greatly – you can look them up any time. One of the best choices for children’s toys, I suppose – though that depends more on the type of finish you choose. So if you are doing this for the first time or don’t want to rush into anything too difficult (and by “difficult” I mean intricate approach to working with hardwood grain, not the fear of failure), you’re probably better off with some reliable basswood supplier. And here’s when it gets tricky. Why? Well, the reliability of a supplier isn’t an issue for now. However, there are quite a lot of options to choose from and what you need is to not get lost in those options. How to do it? My first recommendation would be to go to YouTube and watch some video reviews on carving blocks. There are also great websites on carving and numerous advice, such as carving forums, Woodcarving4U blog, a lot of online magazines, and so on. Read reviews on Amazon if you trust them enough, ask for advice from the people you know if any of them are into wood carving – people are the greatest source of information there is, really. And since everything we do for people (even if those people are singular and you only), it makes some sense to look forward to understanding their thought process and sharing your own after you get some experience. Hope this helps you out a little and you’ll go surfing further to those blogs and forums. Who knows, the person writing might be your neighbor and will be able to help you like no one else. After all, this world is rather small and you might find what you don’t expect in the slightest. Answer your “What’s the best type of wood for carving?” question and enjoy it from start to finish. I can only wish you the best of luck and endless inspiration!
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The Big Dilemma: Online or Land-Based Casinos

Ever since gambling has been around, it has been widely popular. The reasons vary, some do it to relieve stress, some to pass their free time, some for the chance to win big money, and others for the thrill. All this was mostly done at land-based casinos. However, technological advances brought online casinos to life. Over time, online casinos became quite popular amongst players, and for good reasons too. Be that as it may, land casinos haven’t really lost their popularity either. So, in order to make your choice between the two – read the following detailed comparison. Here we go. 1. The Ambience For players that like all the lights and crowds casinos bring, then they should go for a land-based casino next time they gamble. This is especially important for first-time gamblers. The whole experience would be much more exciting if they get to see the entire thing in person. The sounds, lights, fellow players and the whole ambiance is different there than at an online casino. The negative side here is the fact that some players don’t have a land-based casino close by their homes. This can be a nuisance for many. Online casinos, on the other hand, offer a more peaceful environment. The number of players who prefer this is big, and they see this as an advantage over land-based casinos. Moreover, online casinos try to bring the atmosphere to your home too. The games, sounds, and lights are present online too. The experience can be thrilling when you play from your conch, or when commuting as well. 2. The Safety Where there is lots of money, there are lots of scammers too. This goes without saying. That is one reason why land-based casinos are more often prone to thefts and argues. However, if you opt for this type of gambling be mindful of your belongings at all times. Remember, you go and play at your own risk. Scammers are present online as well. In this case, you should scan whether the site you enter isn’t a scam. That is why it is essential to do your research before you enter your deposit. One way to make sure that you don’t get scammed is to read reviews. For example, Playamo casino review, Winorama, Rizk, and other casino review pages make sure that you inform yourself well before entering the world of games, fun, and possibilities. 3. The Experience As mentioned above, a great number of players vouch for land-based casinos as the best way to experience gambling. Real people and the feel of the real slot machines bring enjoyment like no other. Moreover, you get to socialize with fellow players and have a drink or two while there. And if you prefer solitude – online casinos are your best bet. Social interaction may not be possible, but many online casinos offer the option to chat and have conversations with players from all over the world. And remember, if you play online you don’t have to travel to the nearest land casino. 4. The Convenience Again, it all depends on the player and his/her preferences. Land-based casinos require travel, which may not be the most convenient option for a lot of players. And when discussing convenience, we have to mention the fact that online casinos enable the players to enjoy their favourite game regardless of the time and place they feel like it. All you need is a stable internet connection and a device to play on – as convenient and straightforward as that. The Conclusion The discussion above shows that it is all up to the player and what they prefer. Everyone has different tastes when it comes to gambling and the whole casino experience. Even though today’s technology has made all things simpler and more convenient, land-based casinos aren’t going anywhere for a long time. That is for sure. Players will have the opportunity to choose and experience the gambling thrill; however, they see fit. Land-based casinos are preferred by those that seek to feel the touch of the machines, the sound of people playing, and real-life conversations. On the other hand, online casinos are more appreciated by players that like to play alone, without any disturbance from other players and unwanted sounds. Make a choice, and have fun! Good luck!
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How to work as a team in the Intetics IT project. The Agile Methodology

Scrum teams are self-organizing and cross-functional. The cross-functional team’s competencies are sufficient to complete the full scope of work. The Agile Manifesto says the following about teams: “Scrum teams are self-organizing and cross-functional. The cross-functional team’s competencies are sufficient to complete the full scope of work. The latter should be understood as the whole range of work in combination with the optimal way of its execution, necessary for the implementation of business value.” A cross-functional team normally implies roles: The Product Owner creates requirements, maintains a backlog, and plans releases; The Scrum master. One of the other team members usually combines this role. Scrum master monitors compliance with the Agile Manifesto, holds morning meetings, and helps resolve conflicts and obstacles; The Development Team consisting of programmers and analysts. The Agile Manifesto does not regulate how many roles there should be, however, there is a general recommendation on the composition. These are usually 1-2 system analysts and 3-5 programmers. The remote dedicated development team – in case of a large volume of software development tasks. The total composition of the team with this approach is usually from 5 to 10 people. Moreover, the same person can combine some roles in the team. This is not the classic Agile approach, but it has recently been applied by some organizations. For example, in some companies there are no programmers and analysts, there is a general concept of an IT engineer, and it is believed that such a person can perform the role of a programmer or analyst, so at any time can replace his colleague in solving a task. At the same time, if we talk exclusively about the development team, it is probably worth forming it from developers of different levels. An American company has conducted an experiment. Two teams were assigned to solve the same problem. One had 3 senior programmers, the other 1 senior and 2 middle developers. In the end, a team with developers of different levels made the project better and faster. There is room for a developer of any level in the dedicated team.
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The main stages of software development

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